Objectives: Perception of ageing has been introduced as an independent predictor of functional disability and mortality in OLDER ADULTS. The present study aimed to investigate the perception of aging in the literature and reach a more comprehensive understanding of this concept.Methods & Materials: A comprehensive search of electronic databases of ProQuest, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, ISC, Iran doc, Magiran, and Iranmedex was conducted using the English and equivalent Persian keywords of “Aging Perception”, “Meaning of Aging”, “Experience of aging”, with no time limitation.Results: Perception of aging refers to how OLDER people feel about their aging in their socio-cultural context. It comprises all aspects of the awareness, perception, experience, evaluation, interpretation, and identification of own aging process. Factors which can affect the perception of aging can be divided into 2 groups: Personal factors (attitudes, subjective age, health status, economic status, material status, religion, knowledge about aging, satisfaction with aging, extent of believing in internal control compared to external one) and social factors (age discrimination, modernity, social and family relationships). Accurate measurement of aging perception can be used as a good indicator of predicting person’s future health status, determining his or her life satisfaction, and adaptation to life changes in this period.Conclusion: The context-based concept of aging perception in OLDER people could be a good predictor of health status, determining factor of life satisfaction, and adaptability to changes in old age. Further investigation is recommended in this topic.

Background: Multiple drug use is frequently considered to be hazardous for the elderly because of their greater vulnerability to the complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy in Tehran and to assess the relative demographic characteristics of patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study 400 persons aging 55 years and OLDER were interviewed in order to determine the presence of polypharmacy (daily intake of three or more drugs). The cases were randomly selected and asked to answer a questionnaire through interview at home. The questionnaire contained questions about all taking drugs, pattern of using each drug and also patients' personal, social and medical history. Chi-square and fisher exact tests and determination of odds ratios were used in order to data analysis. Results: Medium number of drugs used was 3.4 ± 1.9 in studied cases and %39.6 of cases were exposed to polypharmacy. The prevalence of physician prescribed drug usage was observed to be increased by increasing number of total used drugs in each case (P<0.002). The most commonly used drugs were A.S.A, Atenolol and propranolol and these drugs were prescribed by physician in over than %90 of cases. There was a positive correlations between polypharmacy with referring to multiple physicians (OR=1.96, CI 95%, 1.28- 2.98) (P<0.002) and adverse drug reactions (OR=2.44, CI 95%, 1.47-4.05) (P<0.001). Polypharmacy was more prevalent in the age group of 65-75 years (P<0.04) and lower levels of education (P<0.004) and less prevalent in the group with moderate income (P<0.001).Conclusion: Polypharmacy is common among ADULTS aging 55 years and more in Tehran and is affected by age, education level and economic status.

Population aging is considered a result of the demographic shift from a high to low level of mortality and decreased fertility rates combined with an increase in life expectancy due to the advancements in the health sector. Between 2015 and 2030, the number of people aged ≥,60 years will increase by 56%, from 901 million to 1. 4 billion globally. OLDER person’, s numbers will exceed the population of children aged 0-9 years (1. 4 billion against 1. 3 billion) (1). Aging is defined as a part of life which is not synonymous with illness or disability,however, advanced age increases the risk for frailty, chronic disease, disability, and increased demand for health care services, including managing chronic disease, rehabilitation, home health, community social services, and long-term care (2)....